Class: ShortFloat

• Inheritance
• Description
• Class protocol
  • accessing
  • binary storage
  • class initialization
  • coercing & converting
  • constants
  • instance creation
  • queries
• Instance protocol
  • arithmetic
  • coercing & converting
  • comparing
  • copying
  • double dispatching
  • mathematical functions
  • printing & storing
  • private accessing
  • queries
  • special access
  • testing
  • truncation & rounding

Inheritance:

   Object
   |
   +--Magnitude
      |
      +--ArithmeticValue
         |
         +--Number
            |
            +--LimitedPrecisionReal
               |
               +--ShortFloat

Package:

stx:libbasic

Category:

Magnitude-Numbers

Version:

rev: 1.295 date: 2023/08/22 11:03:43

user: cg

file: ShortFloat.st directory: libbasic

module: stx stc-classLibrary: libbasic

Description:

ShortFloats represent rational numbers with limited precision.
They use the C-compiler's 'float' format, which is usually the IEEE single float format.

In contrast to Floats (which use the C-compiler's 64bit 'double' format),
ShortFloats give you 32 bit floats.

Notice, that ST/X Floats are what Doubles are in ST-80 and ShortFloats are
ST-80's Floats respectively. The reason was to make ST/X's floats compatible
to bothe VisualWorks and other Smalltalks, which use C-doubles for the Float class
(i.e. VisualST and V'Age).
Thus, STX's Float precision is not worse than that of other ST's.

WARNING:
    The layout of shortFloat instances is known by the runtime system and the compiler;
    you may not add instance variables here.
    Also, subclassing is complicated by the fact, that the VM creates floats/shortFloats,
    and does some of its float-checks by an identity compare with the ShortFloat-class.
    (i.e. your subclasses instances may not be recognized as float-like objects,
     thus mixed mode arithmetic will always coerce them, effectively slowing things down).
    This may be changed, to use a flag bit in the class.

Mixed mode arithmetic:
    shortFloat op shortFloat   -> shortFloat
    shortFloat op fix         -> shortFloat
    shortFloat op fraction    -> shortFloat
    shortFloat op integer     -> shortFloat
    shortFloat op longFloat   -> longFloat
    shortFloat op float       -> float
    shortFloat op complex     -> complex

Math functions return double precision results.

Representation:
        32bit single precision IEEE floats
        23 bit mantissa + 1 hidden bit, providing a precision of 24bits,
        8 bit exponent,
        6 decimal digits (approx.)

Range and Precision of Storage Formats: see LimitedPrecisionReal >> documentation


[aliases:]
    FloatE  (ANSI)
    Float32

copyright
COPYRIGHT (c) 1996 by Claus Gittinger
             All Rights Reserved

This software is furnished under a license and may be used
only in accordance with the terms of that license and with the
inclusion of the above copyright notice.   This software may not
be provided or otherwise made available to, or used by, any
other person.  No title to or ownership of the software is
hereby transferred.

Class protocol:

 defaultPrintFormat

'.6' by default, I will print up to 6 digits

 defaultPrintFormat: aFormatString

the formatString must be of the form '.n'.

 readBinaryIEEESingleFrom: aStream

read a float value from the binary stream, aStream,
interpreting the next bytes as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float.
The bytes are read in the native byte order (i.e.lsb on intel)

 readBinaryIEEESingleFrom: aStream MSB: msbFirst

read a float value from the binary stream, aStream,
interpreting the next bytes as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float.
The bytes are read in the soecified byte order

 readBinaryIEEESingleFrom: aStream into: aBasicNewShortFloat

read a float value from the binary stream, aStream,
interpreting the next bytes as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float.
The bytes are read in the native byte order (i.e.lsb on intel)

 readBinaryIEEESingleFrom: aStream into: aBasicNewShortFloat MSB: msb

read a float value from the binary stream, aStream,
interpreting the next bytes as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float.
If msb is true, the stream bytes are most-significant-first.

 storeBinaryIEEESingle: aFloat on: aStream

store aFloat as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float
onto the binary stream, aStream.
The bytes are written in the native byte order (i.e.lsb on intel)

 storeBinaryIEEESingle: aFloat on: aStream MSB: msb

store aFloat as an IEEE formatted 4-byte float
onto the binary stream, aStream.
If msb is true, the stream bytes are written most-significant-first.

 initialize

print up to 6 valid digits

Usage example(s):

Epsilon := nil self initialize. Epsilon -> 1.192093e-07

 coerce: aNumber

convert the argument aNumber into an instance of the receiver (class) and return it.

 generality

return the generality value - see ArithmeticValue>>retry:coercing:

 NaN

return a shortFloat which represents not-a-Number (i.e. an invalid number)

Usage example(s):

self NaN

 e

return the constant e as ShortFloat

 eBias

Answer the exponent's bias;
that is the offset of the zero exponent when stored

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat numBitsInExponent 8 1.0 asShortFloat eBias 127 1.0 asShortFloat emin -126 1.0 asShortFloat emax 127 1.0 asShortFloat fmin 1.175494e-38 1.0 asShortFloat fmax 3.402823e+38 1.0 numBitsInExponent 11 1.0 eBias 1023 1.0 emin -1022 1.0 emax 1023 1.0 fmin 2.2250738585072E-308 1.0 fmax 1.79769313486232E+308

 halfPi

return the constant pi/2 as ShortFloat

 infinity

return a shortFloat which represents positive infinity (for my instances)

 ln10

return the constant natural logarithm log(10) as a shortFloat

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat ln10

 ln2

return the natural logarithm of 2 as a shortFloat

Usage example(s):

self ln2

 negativeInfinity

return a shortFloat which represents negative infinity (for my instances).
Warning: do not compare equal against infinities;
instead, check using isFinite or isInfinite

 phi

return the constant phi as ShortFloat

 pi

return the constant pi as ShortFloat

 sqrt2

return the constant sqrt(2) as ShortFloat

Usage example(s):

Sqrt2 := Float sqrt2 asShortFloat

 sqrt3

return the constant sqrt(3) as ShortFloat

Usage example(s):

Sqrt3 := Float sqrt3 asShortFloat

 sqrt5

return the constant sqrt(5) as ShortFloat

Usage example(s):

Sqrt5 := Float sqrt5 asShortFloat

 unity

return the neutral element for multiplication (1.0) as ShortFloat

 zero

return the neutral element for addition (0.0) as ShortFloat

 basicNew

return a new shortFloat - here we return 0.0
- shortFloats are usually NOT created this way ...
Its implemented here to allow things like binary store & load
of shortFloats. (but even this support will go away eventually, its not
a good idea to store the bits of a float - the reader might have a
totally different representation - so floats will eventually be
binary stored in a device independent format.

 basicNew: size

(comment from inherited method)
return an instance of myself with anInteger indexed variables.
If the receiver-class has no indexed instvars, this is only allowed
if the argument, anInteger is zero.
** Do not redefine this method in any class **

 fastFromString: aString at: startIndex

return the next ShortFloat from the string starting at startIndex.
No spaces are skipped.
Raises an exception, if the startIndex is not valid.
Returns garbage if the argument string is not a valid short float number.

This is a specially tuned entry (using a low-level C-call to atof).
It has been added to allow high speed string decomposition
into numbers, especially for mass-data (reading millions of floats).
This is roughly 5 times faster than the full-blown inherited fromString:

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat fastFromString:'123.45' at:1 ShortFloat fastFromString:'123.45' at:2 ShortFloat fastFromString:'123.45E4' at:1 ShortFloat fastFromString:'hello123.45E4' at:6 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:1 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:2 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:3 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:4 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:5 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:6 ShortFloat fastFromString:'12345' at:0 ShortFloat fastFromString:'hello123.45E4' at:1

Usage example(s):

(Time toRun:[ 1000000 timesRepeat:[ ShortFloat fastFromString:'123.45' at:1 ] ]) / 1000000 200ns

 fromIEEE32Bit: anInteger

creates a float, given the four native float bytes as an integer

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat fromIEEE32Bit:(#[64 73 15 219] asInteger) #[64 73 15 219] floatAt:1 MSB:true. 3.14159

 fromInteger: anInteger

return a new short float, given an integer value

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat fromInteger:123 -> 123.0 ShortFloat fromInteger:(12 factorial) -> 4.790016e+08 ShortFloat fromInteger:(100 factorial) -> 9.33262154439442e+157 (100 factorial) asShortFloat -> 9.33262154439442e+157 -- floats are inexact 100 factorial - ((100 factorial) asShortFloat asInteger) -- floats are inexact

 defaultPrintPrecision

the default number of digits when printing

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat defaultPrintPrecision Float defaultPrintPrecision LongFloat defaultPrintPrecision

 defaultPrintfPrecision

the default number of digits when printing with printf's %f format.
Notice, that the C-language standard states that this should be 6;
however, we can adjust it on a per-class basis.

 emax

The largest exponent value allowed by instances of this class.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat fmax -> 1.189731495357231765E+4932 1.0 asShortFloat fmin -> 3.362103143112093506E-4932 1.0 asShortFloat emin -> -16381 1.0 asShortFloat emax -> 128

 emin

The smallest exponent value allowed by (normalized) instances of this class.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat fmax -> 3.402823e+38 1.0 asShortFloat fmin -> 1.175494e-38 1.0 asShortFloat emin -> -126 1.0 asShortFloat emax -> 127

 epsilon

return the maximum relative spacing of instances of mySelf
(i.e. the value-delta of the least significant bit)
according to ISO C standard;
Ada, C, C++ and Python language constants;
Mathematica, MATLAB and Octave; and various textbooks
see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_epsilon

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat epsilon => 1.19209e-07

 exponentCharacter

return the character used to print between mantissa an exponent.
Also used by the scanner when reading numbers.

 fmax

The largest exponent value allowed by instances of this class.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat fmax -> 3.402823e+38 1.0 asShortFloat fmin -> 1.175494e-38 1.0 asShortFloat emin -> -125 1.0 asShortFloat emax -> 128

 fmaxDenormalized

the largest denormalized value which can be represented
by instances of this class.
Should actually be sent to the instance,
because of IEEEFloat, which has instance-specific representation

 fmin

the smallest normalized non-zero value which can be represented
by instances of this class;
should actually be sent to the instance,
because of IEEEFloat, which has instance-specific representation

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat fmax -> 3.40282346638529E+38 1.0 asShortFloat fmin -> 1.175494e-38 1.0 asShortFloat fminDenormalized -> 1.401298e-45 1.0 asShortFloat emin -> -125 1.0 asShortFloat emax -> 128

 fminDenormalized

the smallest non-zero value which can be represented
by instances of this class;
should actually be sent to the instance,
because of IEEEFloat, which has instance-specific representation

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat fmin -> 1.175494e-38 ShortFloat fminDenormalized -> 1.401298e-45

 isBuiltInClass

return true if this class is known by the run-time-system.
Here, true is returned for myself, false for subclasses.

 numBitsInExponent

answer the number of bits in the exponent
This is an IEEE float, where 8 bits are available:
seeeeeee emmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat numBitsInExponent

 numBitsInMantissa

answer the number of bits in the mantissa (the significant).
This is an IEEE single (binary32), where 23 bits are available
The hidden bit is not counted here:
seeeeeee emmmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat numBitsInExponent 8 1.0 asShortFloat numBitsInMantissa 23 1.0 asShortFloat precision 24 1.0 asShortFloat decimalPrecision 7 1.0 asShortFloat eBias 127 1.0 asShortFloat emin -126 1.0 asShortFloat emax 127 1.0 asShortFloat fmin 1.17549435082229E-38 1.0 asShortFloat fmax 3.40282346638529E+38

 precision

answer the precision (the number of bits in the mantissa) of a ShortFloat (in bits)
This is an IEEE float, where only the fraction from the normalized mantissa is stored
and so there is a hidden bit and the mantissa is actually represented by 24 binary digits
(although only 23 are needed in the binary representation)
the hidden bit is included here

Usage example(s):

self numBitsInMantissa self precision

 radix

answer the radix of a ShortFloat's exponent
This is an IEEE float, which is represented as binary

Instance protocol:

 * aNumber

return the product of the receiver and the argument.

 + aNumber

return the sum of the receiver and the argument, aNumber

 - aNumber

return the difference of the receiver and the argument, aNumber

 / aNumber

return the quotient of the receiver and the argument, aNumber

 abs

return the absolute value of the receiver
reimplemented here for speed

Usage example(s):

3.0 asShortFloat abs -3.0 asShortFloat abs

 negated

return myself negated

Usage example(s):

0 negated 0.0 negated 0.0 asShortFloat negated

 rem: aNumber

return the floating point remainder of the receiver and the argument, aNumber

 uncheckedDivide: aNumber

return the quotient of the receiver and the argument, aNumber.
Do not check for divide by zero (return NaN or Infinity).
This operation is provided for emulators of other languages/semantics,
where no exception is raised for these results (i.e. Java).
It is only defined if the argument's type is the same as the receiver's.

Usage example(s):

0.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide:0 1.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide:0.0

 asFloat

return a Float (i.e. an IEEE double) with same value as the receiver.
Redefined for performance (machine can do it faster)

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat asFloat

 asInteger

return an integer with same value - might truncate

Usage example(s):

12345.0 asShortFloat asInteger 1e15 asShortFloat asInteger

 asLongFloat

return a LongFloat with same value as the receiver

 asQuadFloat
( an extension from the stx:libbasic2 package )

return a QuadFloat with same value as the receiver

 asShortFloat

return a ShortFloat with same value as the receiver - that's me

 generality

return the generality value - see ArithmeticValue>>retry:coercing:

 < aNumber

return true, if the argument is greater

 <= aNumber

return true, if the argument is greater or equal

 = aNumber

return true, if the argument represents the same numeric value
as the receiver, false otherwise

 > aNumber

return true, if the argument is less

 >= aNumber

return true, if the argument is less or equal

 hash

return a number for hashing; redefined, since floats compare
by numeric value (i.e. 3.0 = 3), therefore 3.0 hash must be the same
as 3 hash.

Usage example(s):

1.2345 hash 1.2345 asShortFloat hash 1.0 hash 1.0 asShortFloat hash 0.5 asShortFloat hash 0.25 asShortFloat hash 0.5 hash 0.25 hash

 isAlmostEqualTo: aNumber nEpsilon: nE

return true, if the argument, aNumber represents almost the same numeric value
as the receiver, false otherwise.

nE is the number of minimal float distances, that the numbers may differ and
still be considered equal.

For background information why floats need this
read: http://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/

Usage example(s):

67329.234 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:67329.23401 asShortFloat nEpsilon:1 -> true 1.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:1.0000001 asShortFloat nEpsilon:1 -> true 1.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:1.0000001 nEpsilon:1 -> true 1.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:1.000001 nEpsilon:1 -> false 1.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:-1.0 nEpsilon:1 -> false 1.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:1 nEpsilon:1 -> true 0.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:0.0000001 asShortFloat nEpsilon:1 -> true 0.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:0.000001 asShortFloat nEpsilon:1 -> false 0.0 asShortFloat isAlmostEqualTo:self epsilon nEpsilon:1 -> true 0.0 asShortFloat - 1.192093e-07 asShortFloat

 ~= aNumber

return true, if the arguments value are not equal

 deepCopy

return a deep copy of myself
- because storing into floats is not recommended/allowed, its ok to return the receiver

 deepCopyUsing: aDictionary postCopySelector: postCopySelector

return a deep copy of myself
- because storing into floats is not recommended/allowed, its ok to return the receiver

 shallowCopy

return a shallow copy of the receiver

 simpleDeepCopy

return a deep copy of the receiver
- because storing into floats is not recommended/allowed, its ok to return the receiver

 lessFromLongFloat: aNumber

aLongFloat does not know how to compare to the receiver -
Return true if aLongFloat < self.
retry the operation by coercing to higher generality

 fastInverseSqrt

return a rough but fast approximation of (1 / self sqrt).
The error is some 1%, which is ok for many 3D computations or physics simulations.
Do not use this for now: it is non-portable and probably not speeding things up
much, unless inlined into the sender code.
The code is here as a reminder and might be later used as a hint for the inliner
(to speed up 3D computations, for example).
see: http://betterexplained.com/articles/understanding-quakes-fast-inverse-square-root/

Usage example(s):

10.0 asShortFloat fastInverseSqrt (1 / 10.0 asShortFloat sqrt)

Usage example(s):

|a b t0 t1 t2| a := 345 asShortFloat. 'measure an empty loop'. t0 := Time millisecondsToRun:[ 1000000 timesRepeat:[ ] ]. t1 := Time millisecondsToRun:[ 1000000 timesRepeat:[ a fastInverseSqrt ] ]. t2 := Time millisecondsToRun:[ 1000000 timesRepeat:[ (1 / a sqrt) ] ]. Transcript show:'empty: '; showCR:t0. Transcript show:'fast: '; showCR:t1. Transcript show:'regular: '; showCR:t2.

 ln

return the natural logarithm of the receiver.
Raises an exception, if the receiver is less or equal to zero.

Usage example(s):

0 asFloat ln Number trapInfinity:[ 0 asFloat ln ] 10 asFloat ln 2.30258509299405 10 asShortFloat ln 2.302585 10 asLongFloat ln 2.302585092994045684 10 asQDouble ln 2.30258509299404568402 50 asFloat ln 3.91202300542815 50 asShortFloat ln 3.912023 50 asLongFloat ln 3.912023005428146059 50 asQDouble ln 3.91202300542814605862

 log10

return the base-10 logarithm of the receiver.
Raises an exception, if the receiver is less or equal to zero.

Usage example(s):

0 asShortFloat log10 Number trapInfinity:[ 0 asShortFloat log10 ] 10 asFloat log10 1.0 10 asShortFloat log10 1.0 10 asLongFloat log10 1.0 10 asQDouble log10 1.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 50 asFloat log10 1.69897000433602 50 asShortFloat log10 1.69897 50 asLongFloat log10 1.698970004336018805 50 asQDouble log10 1.69897000433601880478626110527550697323181

 printOn: aStream

append a printed representation of the receiver to
the argument, aStream.

I use #printString instead of #printOn: as basic print mechanism.

 printString

return a printed representation of the receiver
LimitedPrecisonReal and its subclasses use #printString instead of
#printOn: as basic print mechanism.

Usage example(s):

self pi printString. '3.141593' 1.234 asShortFloat printString. '1.234' 1.0 asShortFloat printString. '1.0' 1e10 asShortFloat printString. '1e+10' 1.2e3 asShortFloat printString. '1200.0' 1.2e30 asShortFloat printString. '1.2e+30' (1.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat printString. (0.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat printString. self pi printString. DefaultPrintFormat := '.3'. self pi printString. DefaultPrintFormat := '.7'. DecimalPointCharacterForPrinting := $,. 1.234 asShortFloat printString. 1.0 asShortFloat printString. 1e10 asShortFloat printString. 1.2e3 asShortFloat printString. 1.2e30 asShortFloat printString. (1.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat printString. (0.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat printString. DecimalPointCharacterForPrinting := $.

 printStringWithFormat: format

return a printed representation of the receiver;
fmt must be of the form: .nn, where nn is the number of digits.
To print 6 valid digits, use printStringWithFormat:'.6'
For Floats, the default used in printString, is 15 (because its a double);
for ShortFloats, it is 6 (because it is a float)

 printfPrintString: formatString

non-standard: return a printed representation of the receiver
as specified by formatString, which is defined by printf.

If you use this, be aware, that the format string must be correct and something like %f.
Also, the resulting string may not be longer than 1000 bytes -
since that's the (static) size of the buffer.

This method is NONSTANDARD and may be removed without notice.

WARNING: this goes directly to the C-printf function and may therefore me inherently unsafe.
Please use the printf: method, which is safe as it is completely implemented in Smalltalk.

Usage example(s):

ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%lg -> %lg' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%lf -> %lf' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%7.5lg -> %7.5lg' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%G -> %G' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%F -> %F' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%7.5G -> %7.5G' ShortFloat pi printfPrintString:'%%7.5F -> %7.5F'

 storeOn: aStream

append a printed representation of the receiver to
the argument, aStream.

I use #storeString instead of #storeOn: as basic store mechanism.

 storeString

return a printed representation of the receiver;
all valid digits are printed.
LimitedPrecisonReal and its subclasses use #storeString instead of
#storeOn: as basic print mechanism.

Usage example(s):

0.1 asShortFloat storeString ((Array new:10 withAll:0.1 asShortFloat) inject:0 into:[:v :sumSoFar| sumSoFar + v]) storeString 1.0 asShortFloat storeString 1.234 asShortFloat storeString 1e10 asShortFloat storeString 1.2e3 asShortFloat storeString 1.2e30 asShortFloat storeString Float pi asShortFloat storeString (1.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat storeString (0.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat storeString notice that the storeString is NOT affected by DecimalPointCharacterForPrinting: DecimalPointCharacterForPrinting := $,. 1.234 asShortFloat storeString. 1.0 asShortFloat storeString. 1e10 asShortFloat storeString. 1.2e3 asShortFloat storeString. 1.2e30 asShortFloat storeString. (1.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat storeString. (0.0 uncheckedDivide:0) asShortFloat storeString. DecimalPointCharacterForPrinting := $.

 basicAt: index

return an internal byte of the float.
The value returned here depends on byte order, float representation etc.
Therefore, this method should be used strictly private.

Notice:
the need to redefine this method here is due to the
inability of many machines to store floats in non-double aligned memory.
Therefore, on some machines, the first 4 bytes of a float are left unused,
and the actual float is stored at index 5 .. 12.
To hide this at one place, this method knows about that, and returns
values as if this filler wasnt present.

 basicAt: index put: value

set an internal byte of the float.
The value to be stored here depends on byte order, float representation etc.
Therefore, this method should be used strictly private.

Notice:
the need to redefine this method here is due to the
inability of many machines to store floats in non-double aligned memory.
Therefore, on some machines, the first 4 bytes of a float are left unused,
and the actual float is stored at index 5 .. 12.
To hide this at one place, this method knows about that, and returns
values as if this filler wasnt present.

 byteAt: index

(comment from inherited method)
return the byte at index.
This is only allowed for non-pointer indexed objects
(i.e. byteArrays, wordArrays, floatArrays etc.).
The receiver's indexed instvars are treated as an uninterpreted
collection of bytes.
Only useful with binary storage.

 byteAt: index put: newByte

(comment from inherited method)
set the byte at index.
This is only allowed for non-pointer indexed objects
(i.e. byteArrays, wordArrays, floatArrays etc.).
The receiver's indexed instvars are treated as an uninterpreted
collection of bytes.
Only useful with binary storage.

 signBit

return the sign bit (1 for negative).
notice that floats can represent a negative zero,
and signBit handles that,
whereas sign would return 0 for both positive and negative zeros

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat signBit -> 0 -1.0 asShortFloat signBit -> 1 ShortFloat zero signBit -> 0 ShortFloat negativeZero signBit -> 1

 exponentBits

return the bits of my exponent.
These might be biased.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat exponentBits 127 10.0 asShortFloat exponentBits 130 0.125 asShortFloat exponentBits 124 0.1 asShortFloat exponentBits 123 0.0 asShortFloat exponentBits 0 ShortFloat fmin exponentBits 1 ShortFloat fminDenormalized exponentBits 0

 hasIEEEFormat

(comment from inherited method)
HalfFloat isIEEEFormat true
ShortFloat isIEEEFormat true
Float isIEEEFormat true
LongFloat isIEEEFormat true
QuadFloat isIEEEFormat true
OctaFloat isIEEEFormat true
QDouble isIEEEFormat false
LargeFloat isIEEEFormat false

 mantissaBits

return the bits of my mantissa (excl. any hidden bit).
I.e. this returns the normalized mantissaBits as an integer

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat mantissaBits 0 10.0 asShortFloat mantissaBits 2097152 0.125 asShortFloat mantissaBits 0 0.1 asShortFloat mantissaBits 5033165

 mantissaWithHiddenBits

return the bits of my mantissa (incl. any hidden bit).
I.e. this returns the denormalized mantissaBits.

Usage example(s):

0 asShortFloat mantissaWithHiddenBits 0 1.0 asShortFloat mantissaWithHiddenBits 8388608 10.0 asShortFloat mantissaWithHiddenBits 10485760 0.125 asShortFloat mantissaWithHiddenBits 8388608 0.1 asShortFloat mantissaWithHiddenBits 13421773 ShortFloat fmin mantissaWithHiddenBits 8388608 ShortFloat fminDenormalized mantissaWithHiddenBits

 nextFloat: countULPs

answer the next float count places (ulps) after (or before if count is negative) myself.
One ulp is the distance to the next/previous representable float,
and this returns the float which is countUlps away from me.
Notice that ulps depend on the receiver: an ulp away from 1e100 has a different
value than 1 ulp away from 1e-100.
Thus, ulps are perfect for 'almost equal' comparisons.

Usage example(s):

(1.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:2) storeString (67329.234 asShortFloat nextFloat:1) storeString (ShortFloat fmaxDenormalized nextFloat:1) storeString (ShortFloat fmin nextFloat:-1) storeString (0.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:1) storeString (0.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:-1) storeString ShortFloat NaN nextFloat:100000 ShortFloat infinity nextFloat:100000 ShortFloat fmax nextFloat:1 ShortFloat fmax nextFloat:100

 ulpFrom: anotherFLoat

the distance in ULPs between two floats (anotherFloat - self)

Usage example(s):

(1.0 nextFloat:1) ulpFrom:1.0 (1.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:1) ulpFrom:1.0 asShortFloat 1.0 ulpFrom:(1.0 nextFloat:1) (1.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:1) ulpFrom:1.0 asShortFloat 1.0 ulpFrom:(1.0 nextFloat:10) (1.0 asShortFloat nextFloat:10) ulpFrom:1.0 asShortFloat

 exponent

extract a normalized float's (unbiased) exponent.
The returned value depends on the float-representation of
the underlying machine and is therefore highly unportable.
This is not for general use.
This assumes that the mantissa is normalized to
0.5 .. 1.0 and the float's value is mantissa * 2^exp

Usage example(s):

4.0 asShortFloat exponent => 3 2.0 asShortFloat exponent => 2 1.0 asShortFloat exponent 0.5 asShortFloat exponent => 0 0.25 asShortFloat exponent => -1 0.00000011111 asShortFloat exponent ShortFloat NaN exponent -> error

 mantissa

extract a normalized float's mantissa (as ShortFloat).
That is a float of the same type as the receiver,
such that:
(f mantissa) * (2 ^ f exponent) = f
The returned value depends on the float-representation of
the underlying machine and is therefore highly unportable.
This is not for general use.
This assumes that the mantissa is normalized to 0.5 .. 1.0

Usage example(s):

0.0 asShortFloat exponent 0.0 asShortFloat mantissa 1.0 asShortFloat exponent -> 1 1.0 asShortFloat mantissa -> 0.5 1e1000 asShortFloat mantissa 0.5 asShortFloat exponent 0.5 asShortFloat mantissa 0.25 asShortFloat exponent 0.25 asShortFloat mantissa 0.00000011111 asShortFloat exponent 0.00000011111 asShortFloat mantissa self assert:(1.0 asShortFloat mantissa * (2 raisedTo:1.0 asShortFloat exponent)) = 1.0 asShortFloat. self assert:(100.0 asShortFloat mantissa * (2 raisedTo:100.0 asShortFloat exponent)) = 100.0 asShortFloat. self assert:(10e15 asShortFloat mantissa * (2 raisedTo:10e15 asShortFloat exponent)) = 10e15 asShortFloat. self assert:(10e-15 asShortFloat mantissa * (2 raisedTo:10e-15 asShortFloat exponent)) = 10e-15 asShortFloat. ShortFloat NaN mantissa -> error ShortFloat NaN exponent -> error

 isFinite

return true, if the receiver is a finite float (not NaN and not +/-INF)

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat isFinite (0.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0) isFinite (1.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0) isFinite

 isFloat32

Answer whether the receiver is a 32bit single precision float.
Always true here.

 isInfinite

return true, if the receiver is an infinite float (+Inf or -Inf).
These are not usually created by ST/X float operations (they raise an exception);
however, inline C-code could produce them.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat isInfinite ShortFloat NaN isInfinite ShortFloat infinity isInfinite ShortFloat negativeInfinity isInfinite (0.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0 asShortFloat) isInfinite false (1.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0 asShortFloat) isInfinite true (-1.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0 asShortFloat) isInfinite true (0.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0 ) isInfinite false (1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0 ) isInfinite true (-1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0 ) isInfinite true

 isNaN

return true, if the receiver is an invalid float (NaN - not a number).
These are usually not created by ST/X float operations (they raise an exception);
however, inline C-code or proceeded exceptions or reading from a stream
could produce them.

Usage example(s):

1.0 asShortFloat isNaN (0.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0) isNaN (0.0 asShortFloat uncheckedDivide: 0.0 asShortFloat) isNaN

 isNegativeZero

many systems have two float.Pnt zeros

Usage example(s):

0.0 asShortFloat isNegativeZero false -0.0 asShortFloat isNegativeZero true

 isShortFloat

return true, if the receiver is some kind of short floating point number (iee single precision)

 isZero

return true, if the receiver is zero

 negative

return true if the receiver is less than zero.
-0.0 is positive for now.

Usage example(s):

0.0 asShortFloat negative -0.0 asShortFloat negative 1.0 asShortFloat negative -1.0 asShortFloat negative (1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0) asShortFloat negative (-1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0) asShortFloat negative

 numberOfBits

return the size (in bits) of the real;
typically, 32 is returned here,
but who knows ...

Usage example(s):

1.2 numberOfBits 1.2 asShortFloat numberOfBits

 positive

return true if the receiver is greater or equal to zero (not negative)
0.0 and -0.0 are positive for now.

Usage example(s):

0.0 asShortFloat positive -0.0 asShortFloat positive 1.0 asShortFloat positive -1.0 asShortFloat positive (1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0) asShortFloat positive (-1.0 uncheckedDivide: 0.0) asShortFloat positive

 strictlyPositive

return true if the receiver is greater than zero

 ceiling

return the smallest integer which is greater or equal to the receiver.

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat ceiling -0.5 asShortFloat ceiling

 ceilingAsFloat

return the smallest integer-valued float greater or equal to the receiver.
This is much like #ceiling, but avoids a (possibly expensive) conversion
of the result to an integer.
It may be useful, if the result is to be further used in another float-operation.

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat ceilingAsFloat -0.5 asShortFloat ceilingAsFloat -1.5 asShortFloat ceilingAsFloat

 floor

return the integer nearest the receiver towards negative infinity.

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat floor -0.5 asShortFloat floor

 floorAsFloat

return the float which represents the next lower
integer nearest the receiver towards negative infinity.
Much like floor, but returns a float result - useful if the result
will be used in another float operation, to avoid costy int-conversion.

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat floorAsFloat -0.5 asShortFloat floorAsFloat

 fractionPart

extract the after-decimal fraction part.
such that:
(self truncated + self fractionPart) = self

Usage example(s):

1.6 asShortFloat fractionPart + 1.6 asShortFloat truncated -1.6 asShortFloat fractionPart + -1.6 asShortFloat truncated 1.0 asShortFloat fractionPart 0.5 asShortFloat fractionPart 0.25 asShortFloat fractionPart 3.14159 asShortFloat fractionPart 12345673.14159 asShortFloat fractionPart - not enough precision 123456731231231231.14159 asShortFloat fractionPart - not enough precision

 integerAndFractionParts

return the integer and the fraction part of the receiver as a pair
of floats (i.e. the result of the modf function)
Adding the parts gives the original value

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat integerAndFractionParts -0.5 asShortFloat integerAndFractionParts 12345.6789 asShortFloat integerAndFractionParts -12345.6789 asShortFloat integerAndFractionParts

 rounded

return the receiver rounded to the nearest integer

Usage example(s):

0.4 asShortFloat rounded 0.5 asShortFloat rounded 0.6 asShortFloat rounded -0.4 asShortFloat rounded -0.5 asShortFloat rounded -0.6 asShortFloat rounded 1e32 asShortFloat rounded

 roundedAsFloat

return the receiver rounded to the nearest integer as a float.
This is much like #rounded, but avoids a (possibly expensive) conversion
of the result to an integer.
It may be useful, if the result is to be further used in another float-operation.

Usage example(s):

0.4 asShortFloat rounded 0.5 asShortFloat rounded 0.6 asShortFloat rounded -0.4 asShortFloat rounded -0.5 asShortFloat rounded -0.6 asShortFloat rounded 0.4 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat 0.5 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat 0.6 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat -0.4 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat -0.5 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat -0.6 asShortFloat roundedAsFloat

 truncated

return the receiver truncated towards zero as an integer

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat truncated -0.5 asShortFloat truncated 0.5 asShortFloat truncatedAsFloat -0.5 asShortFloat truncatedAsFloat

 truncatedAsFloat

return the receiver truncated towards zero as a short float.
This is much like #truncated, but avoids a (possibly expensive) conversion
of the result to an integer.
It may be useful, if the result is to be further used in another
float-operation.

Usage example(s):

0.5 asShortFloat truncated -0.5 asShortFloat truncated 0.5 asShortFloat truncatedAsFloat -0.5 asShortFloat truncatedAsFloat